Under Attack Mode
You passed the managed challenge. This path is protected by the
/under-attack WAF rule (action: Managed Challenge). Cloudflare served its
own challenge before this page; the cf_clearance cookie it issued is
HttpOnly, so it is not visible here — check the solver's output instead.
Solver task: AntiCloudflareTaskProxyLess with
websiteURL = https://challengescf.agalm.com/under-attack →
cf_clearance in the solution.